Kriptografi klasik adalah kriptografi yang digunakan pada masa-masa terdahulu. Di mana kriptografi digunakan untuk mengirim pesan-pesan rahasia penting yang tidak boleh bocor oleh pihak lain. Tercatat bahwa sekitar 4000 tahun yang lalu, bangsa mesir telah menggunakan hieroglyph tidak standar untuk menulis pesan. Sebenarnya, pada zaman Yunani kuno (400 SM) kriptografi sudah mulai dipelajari dan digunakan. Pada mulanya, kriptografi hanya populer dalam bidang militer, yaitu untuk menyandikan pesan rahasia panglima perang ke pasukan garis depan.
16 June 2011
04 June 2011
Algoritma Kriptografi
Algoritma adalah urutan langkah-langkah logis untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah yang disusun secara sistematis [Munir, 2004]. Langkah-langkah tersebut harus logis, ini berarti nilai kebenarannya harus dapat ditentukan benar atau salah.
Algoritma kriptografi adalah bagian dari kriptografi yang berisi kumpulan langkah-langkah logis yang digunakan untuk melakukan enkripsi dan dekripsi. Biasanya langkah-langkah ini berupa sekumpulan fungsi matematik. Berdasarkan kuncinya, algoritma kriptografi dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu algoritma simetris (kunci privat) dan algoritma asimetris (kunci publik).
Algoritma kriptografi adalah bagian dari kriptografi yang berisi kumpulan langkah-langkah logis yang digunakan untuk melakukan enkripsi dan dekripsi. Biasanya langkah-langkah ini berupa sekumpulan fungsi matematik. Berdasarkan kuncinya, algoritma kriptografi dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu algoritma simetris (kunci privat) dan algoritma asimetris (kunci publik).
Kriptografi
Definisi Kriptografi
Kriptografi (cryptography) berasal dari Bahasa Yunani: “cryptós” artinya “secret” (rahasia), sedangkan “gráphein” artinya “writing” (tulisan). Jadi, kriptografi berarti “secret writing” (tulisan rahasia). Ada beberapa definisi kriptografi antara lain : Kriptografi adalah ilmu matematika untuk mengenkripsi dan mendekripsi data [PGP, 2004]; Kriptografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari teknik-teknik matematika yang berhubungan dengan aspek keamanan informasi seperti kerahasiaan, integritas data, serta otentikasi [Menezes, 1996]; Kriptografi adalah ilmu dan seni untuk menjaga keamanan pesan (Cryptography is the art and science of keeping messages secure) [Schneier, 1996] dan dilakukan oleh kriptografer (cryptographer).
Kriptografi (cryptography) berasal dari Bahasa Yunani: “cryptós” artinya “secret” (rahasia), sedangkan “gráphein” artinya “writing” (tulisan). Jadi, kriptografi berarti “secret writing” (tulisan rahasia). Ada beberapa definisi kriptografi antara lain : Kriptografi adalah ilmu matematika untuk mengenkripsi dan mendekripsi data [PGP, 2004]; Kriptografi adalah ilmu yang mempelajari teknik-teknik matematika yang berhubungan dengan aspek keamanan informasi seperti kerahasiaan, integritas data, serta otentikasi [Menezes, 1996]; Kriptografi adalah ilmu dan seni untuk menjaga keamanan pesan (Cryptography is the art and science of keeping messages secure) [Schneier, 1996] dan dilakukan oleh kriptografer (cryptographer).
02 June 2011
Simbol/Huruf (Font)/karakter pada HTML
by Galih Gasendra L.
Jika anda ingin memunculkan semua karakter pada HTML seperti karakter-karakter berikut:
ツ ♋ 웃 유 Σ ⊗ ♒ ☠ ☮ ☯ ♠ Ω ♤ ♣ ♧ ♥ ♡ ♦♢♔ ♕ ♚ ♛ ★ ☆ ✮ ✯ ☄ ☾ ☽ ☼ ☀ ☁ ☂ ☃ ♬ ✄ ✂ ✆ ✉ ✦ ✧ ∞ ♂ ♀ ☿ ❤ ❥ ❦ ❧ ™ ® © ✗ ✘ ⊗ ♒ ▢ ▲ △ ▼ ▽ ◆ ◇ ○ ◎ ● ◯ Δ ◕ ◔ ʊ ϟ ღ 回 ₪ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✖ termasuk smiley, karakter/huruf-huruf Arab, Cina, Vietnam, dsb.
Anda dapat menggunakan bahasa PHP sehingga tampilan yang akan anda dapatkan adalah:
Jika anda ingin memunculkan semua karakter pada HTML seperti karakter-karakter berikut:
ツ ♋ 웃 유 Σ ⊗ ♒ ☠ ☮ ☯ ♠ Ω ♤ ♣ ♧ ♥ ♡ ♦♢♔ ♕ ♚ ♛ ★ ☆ ✮ ✯ ☄ ☾ ☽ ☼ ☀ ☁ ☂ ☃ ♬ ✄ ✂ ✆ ✉ ✦ ✧ ∞ ♂ ♀ ☿ ❤ ❥ ❦ ❧ ™ ® © ✗ ✘ ⊗ ♒ ▢ ▲ △ ▼ ▽ ◆ ◇ ○ ◎ ● ◯ Δ ◕ ◔ ʊ ϟ ღ 回 ₪ ✓ ✔ ✕ ✖ termasuk smiley, karakter/huruf-huruf Arab, Cina, Vietnam, dsb.
Anda dapat menggunakan bahasa PHP sehingga tampilan yang akan anda dapatkan adalah:
Matematika Sulit?
Apakah benar matematika itu sulit?
Apakah sulit itu adalah matematika?
Paradigama yang kita dapatkan di lingkungan kita adalah bahwa matematika itu adalah sebagai suatu hal yang sulit, membosankan, memusingkan, dan sebagainya. Namun pada kenyataannya, sulit itu bukan karena matematika itu sendiri. Atau mungkin karena matematika itu sulit?
Apakah sulit itu adalah matematika?
Paradigama yang kita dapatkan di lingkungan kita adalah bahwa matematika itu adalah sebagai suatu hal yang sulit, membosankan, memusingkan, dan sebagainya. Namun pada kenyataannya, sulit itu bukan karena matematika itu sendiri. Atau mungkin karena matematika itu sulit?
20 Best Graphic Design and Image Editing Softwares
Graphic
design and image editing softwares are the most essential tools for a
graphic designer. These softwares let them keep innovative and organized
in their graphic designing. Adobe
photoshop is one such software that makes the task of designers
extremely easy and advanced. Beside Adobe Photoshop, there are numerous
other graphic design and image editing softwares available in the
market. Some softwares cost a bit and some are available with no cost.
Among all, we have compiled 20 best graphic design and image editing
softwares, that are showcased in this post.
20 Best Graphic Design and Image Editing Softwares:
1. FatPaint
Fatpaint is a free, online graphic
design software, image editor and custom printed products webshop that
assists you in painting & editing bitmap images/photos, writing rich
text, making page layout and displaying graphics on products from
Zazzle. Furthermore, images can directly be added to the project by
searching on Wikimedia, Picasa, Flickr, Google, Yahoo and Bing. The
completed project can be saved on Fatpaint’s server or your own
computer.
2. Gimp
It is a free software used for photo
retouching, image composition and image authoring. It can also be used
as a simple paint program, an online batch processing system, an image
format converter and so on.
3. Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is the most popular and
widely used software for graphic design. The primary functions of
Photoshop are photo editing, graphic designing and creating elements for
any type of web project.
4. Paint.NET
It is free image and photo editing software that has an spontaneous and advanced user interface.
5. MyPaint
It is a fast, easy and open-source
graphics design software for digital painters. It allows you to work on
your canvas with less distractions.
6. Blender
This is a 3D animation software for
graphic designers which is available free of cost. This software
enables graphic designers to create 3D applications.
7. 5DFLY
This is a robust and brilliant Photo editing software.
8. Pixelmator
It is a fast and powerful image editing
software for the Mac operating system , which has spontaneous and
stunning graphical user interface.
9. Inkscape
It is an open source vector graphics editor just like Adobe Illustrator.
10. Skitch
It enables users to capture screen shots
rapidly and drag them into email for sharing. You can even compose
images with text and sketches, and share them with your friends.
11. Iconfinder
It provides high quality icons for web designers and developers in an effortless and efficient way.
12. Picnik
This is a free software that enables you
to change colors of any image, do editing, add text to an image.
Moreover, if you have creative ideas, you can make buttons, banners, and
headers for your blog.
13. Artweaver
It enables you to paint creatively by utilizing various painting tools.
14. GraphicConverter
It is an apple photo software for image editing and graphics conversion.
15. DrawPlus
It is a robust and versatile graphics studio perfectly developed for digital art, illustration, and painting.
16. ArtRage
It is an easy to use, stylish painting package for Windows, Mac OS X, and iPad.
17. Paintshop
It is a powerful Photo-Editing Software for graphic designing.
18. Photoscape
It is a fun and easy photo editing software that enables you to fix and enhance photos.
19. Image Tuner
It is a free software for batch
resizing, converting, watermarking and renaming your digital photos and
images from and to JPEG, BMP, PNG, TIFF and GIF formats.
20. PhotoFiltre
It allows you to do simple or advanced adjustments to an image.
source: bestdesigntuts.com
01 June 2011
Corel Draw Feature by Version 1 (1989) to X5 (2010)
| CorelDraw | Version support | Windows Compatibility |
New Features | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Release date | Version | Reading files | Writing files | ||
| Jan 1989 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2.1 | First version |
| Mar 1989 | 1.01 | 1 | 1 | 2.1 | Introduces backups on save, and draw rectangles from their centre |
| Apr 1989 | 1.02 | 1 | 1 | 2.1 | IBM PIF file format support |
| Jul 1989 | 1.10 | 1 | 1 | 2.1 | 102 new fonts |
| Feb 1990 | 1.11 | 1 | 1 | 2.1 | AutoCAD DXF import/export support |
| Sep 1991 | 2 | 1, 2 | 1, 2 | 3.0 | Envelope tool (for distorting text or objects using a primary shape), Blend (for morphing shapes), Extrusion (for simulating perspective and volume in objects) and Perspective (to distort objects along X and Y axes). CorelDraw for Unix also became available. |
| 15 May 1992 | 3 | 1, 2, 3 | 2, 3 | 3.0, 3.1 (preferred) | Included Corel Photo-Paint (for bitmap editing), CorelSHOW (for creating on-screen presentations), CorelCHART (for graphic charts), Mosaic and CorelTRACE (for vectorizing bitmaps). The inclusion of this software was the precedent for the actual graphic suites. CorelDraw for Unix also became available. |
| 20 May 1993 | 4 | 1, 2, 3, 4 | 3, 4 | 3.1 | Photo-Paint (for bitmap editing), CorelSHOW (for creating on-screen presentations), CorelCHART (for graphic charts), CorelMOVE for animation, Mosaic and CorelTRACE (for vectorizing bitmaps). Multi-page capabilities, Powerlines, support for graphic tablets, Clone tool, elastic node editing, Envelope tool. |
| 27 May 1994 | 5 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | 3, 4, 5 | 3.1 | This is the last version which was made for Windows 3.x. Corel Ventura was included in the suite (and then sold as a separate program); it was a desktop publishing application akin to PageMaker, Quark Express, or InDesign. |
| 24 Aug 1995 | 6 | 3, 4, 5, 6 | 5, 6 | 95 | This is the first version which was made exclusively for 32-bit Windows. New features were customizable interface, Polygon, Spiral, Knife and Eraser tools. Corel Memo, Corel Presents, Corel Motion 3D, Corel Depth, Corel Multimedia Manager, Corel Font Master and Corel DREAM (for 3D modelling) were included in the suite. |
| 8 Oct 1996 | 7 | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | 5, 6, 7 | 95, NT 4 | Context-sensitive Property bar, Print Preview with Zoom and Pan options, Scrapbook (for viewing a drag-and-dropping graphic objects), Publish to HTML option, Draft and Enhanced display options, Interactive Fill and Blend tools, Transparency tools, Natural Pen tool, Find & Replace wizard, Convert Vector to Bitmap option (inside Draw), Spell checker, Thesaurus and Grammar checker. The suite included Corel Scan and Corel Barista (a Java-based document exchange format). |
| 27 Oct 1997 | 8 | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 | 6, 7, 8 | 95, NT 4 | Digger selection, Docker windows, Interactive Distortion, 3D, Envelope and tools, Realistic Dropshadow tool, interactive color mixing, color palette editor, guidelines as objects, custom-sized pages, duotone support. Corel Versions was included in the suite. |
| 31 Aug 1999 | 9 | 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 95, 98, NT 4 | Mesh fill tool (for complex color filling), Artistic Media tool, Publish to PDF features, embedded ICC color profiles, Multiple On-screen Color Palettes and Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications 6 support. The suite included Canto Cumulus LE, a piece of software for media management. |
| 13 Nov 2000 | 10 | 10† | 10 ‡ | 98, Me, NT 4, 2000 | CorelR.A.V.E. (for vector animation), Perfect Shapes, Web graphics tools (for creating interactive elements such as buttons), Page sorter, multilingual document support, navigator window. Open, save, import and export in SVG format. |
| 1 Aug 2002 | 11 | 11 † | 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 | 98, Me, NT 4, 2000, XP | Symbols library, image slicing (for web design), pressure-sensitive vector brushes, 3-point drawing tools. |
| 10 Feb 2004 | 12 | 12 † | 12 ‡ | 2000, XP | Dynamic guides, Smart Drawing tools, Export to MS Office or Word option, Virtual Segment Delete tool, Unicode text support. |
| 17 Jan 2006 | X3 (13) | X3 † | 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, X3 | 2000, 2003, XP (32-bit, 64-bit), Vista (32-bit only) | Double click Crop tool (the first vector software able to crop groups of vectors and bitmap images at the same time), Smart fill tool, Chamfer/Fillet/Scallop/Emboss tool, Image Adjustment Lab. Trace became integrated inside Draw under the name PowerTrace. |
| 22 Jan 2008 | X4 (14) | 7 to X4 † | 7 to X4 | XP, Vista, 7 (32-bit, 64-bit) | Whatthefont font identification service linked inside CorelDraw, ConceptShare, Table tool, independent page layers, live text formatting, support for RAW camera files. |
| 23 Feb 2010 | X5 (15) | 7 to X5 | 7 to X5 | XP, Vista, 7 (32-bit, 64-bit) | Built-in content organizer (CorelConnect), CD, web graphics and animation tools, multi-core performance improvement, digital content (professional fonts, clip arts, and photos), object hinting, pixel view, enhanced Mesh tool with transparency options, added touch support, and new supported file formats. It has developed Transformation, which makes multiple copies of a single object. For the first time, OpenType versions of Helvetica, Frutiger, Futura and Garamond #3 font families (32 fonts total) from Linotype foundry are included instead of the Bitstream counterparts. All but Garamond are in OpenType Pro format. |
